Korean Reps

Korean Particle Forms Drill

Particle forms like 을/를, 이/가 and 은/는

Which form: the short answer

Look at the last sound of the word. In each pair below, the first form goes after a consonant and the second after a vowel: 연필을 but 우유를.

To check a word, look at its last syllable block. If there is a consonant at the bottom of the block, called 받침, the word ends in a consonant and takes the first form.

PairAfter a consonantAfter a vowel
을/를연필을우유를
이/가지갑이시계가
은/는신발은바다는
과/와빵과주스와
으로/로병원으로버스로
이에요/예요선생님이에요가수예요

과/와 is the pair people flip most often: 빵과, not 빵와.

Three special cases

No space before the particle

Write the particle right after the word as one block: 연필을, not 연필 을.

Common mistakes

You might writeWriteWhy
연필를연필을연필 ends in a consonant
시계이시계가시계 ends in a vowel
지하철으로지하철로ㄹ takes 로
너가네가너 changes before 가
가수이에요가수예요After a vowel, use 예요
친구가 아니예요친구가 아니에요아니다 becomes 아니에요

About Korean Reps

Korean Reps is made by a former Korean language and literature teacher who taught middle school students in Korea. The answers follow the spelling and spacing rules of the National Institute of Korean Language (국립국어원).